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9 DGA carve out only certain types of Gatekeepers, the scopes of the DMA and DGA respectively are less mutually exclusive . Exploit the Platform's Need for Completeness. We found that in order to promote public participation in river governance or watershed management, the most important function of an intermediary organization is to translate expert and local knowledge, and transfer it to and among organizations for the benefit of different stakeholders (Fisher, 2000; VanTol, 2012; Brown et al . 3. While the role of gatekeepers is to shield a company from misconduct, they are also in a position, in their professional capacity, to facilitate or conceal it. Direct Channel Or Zero-level Channel (Manufacturer to Customer) For instance, criminals may take advantage of the enablers' specialised knowledge and expertise to identify and exploit legal loopholes, realise opportunities for criminals, and assist criminals to The DSA follows a layered approach with cumulative obligations for online intermediary services depending on their function and size. Specifically, the draft DSA sets forth obligations for four types of service providers: i) intermediary services ("mere conduit" and "caching" services like internet access providers and domain . Attorneys B. In their role as gatekeepers, journalists, editors, and other involved parties have to decide and pick what to cover from a massive pool of stories. Completely prohibiting such a combined status seems unwarranted since gatekeepers may need to perform data sharing activities as an integral part of their business models and data-driven innovation. I discuss the sorts of roles and business functions that sales agents perform, the types of companies of which the sales community is made up, and the political influences of trade associations, funding bodies and other film agencies. Accountants b. As a result, critics argue that "knowledgable genetics professionals" - employed independently of commercial laboratories - should be gatekeepers to commercial genomic testing because ordering, interpreting and returning genomic information "requires competent (deliberative, evidence-based, rigorous, and accountable) clinical judgment •Principle -agent model •Fiduciary duties of a director • a duty to act in the best interests of the company. In particular, they can do so either by failing to carry out their professional duty or purposefully using it to give the wrongdoing the appearance of legality. Auditors. This article considers the cultural intermediary function of Australian jazz festivals. A financial intermediary is a firm or an institution that acts an intermediary between a provider of service and the consumer. Scholarly Editors in Different Socio-Cultural Contexts 1. . c. ensure that decisions and transactions conform to the law. professionals to identify, act upon, or report clients or transactions intent on furthering corrupt behavior. Specifically, the draft DSA sets forth obligations for four types of service providers: i) intermediary services ("mere conduit" and . Communication efforts must be targeted toward individuals making decisions concerning purchases or end-uses of products. Login to view answer. True/False Questions. 2. : 1800927. b. evaluate a company's financial prospects or creditworthiness, so that banks and investors can make informed decisions. This article is the first to identify substantive parallels between . It is such organizations, connecting to external networks and also embedded in regional networks, that are called gatekeepers. 2. Once. . b. This paper is delivered in four main sections: The first section explores the concept of Internet Services Intermediaries (ISI) and their role as gatekeepers of information from a sociological point of view. Most intermediaries wield a surprisingly simple threat: If a business doesn't accede to their terms and fees, they will exclude it from their . . Findings - This paper finds that when looking at search engines, social networks and app stores, many concerns about the influence of the new information intermediaries on media diversity have not. These executives, known as gatekeepers, serve as reputational intermediaries who verify and certify information to the market. The DMA intends to ensure a higher degree of competition in the European Digital Markets, by preventing large companies from abusing their market power and by allowing new players to enter the market. Assigning a gatekeeper role to primary care physicians had the intention of lowering healthcare costs because fewer tests and referrals would be made. Attorneys B. Important non-redundant intermediaries: the gatekeepers. In the discussion of media gatekeeping is a debate between traditional journalism the blogging community. The function of auditors as gatekeepers is to: a. verify a company's financial statements so that investors' decisions are free from fraud and deception. Identify the gatekeepers who ensure that decisions and transactions conform to the law. One of these shortcomings is addressed in Figure 2's intermediary model of communication (sometimes referred to as the gatekeeper model or two-step flow (Katz, 1957)). Thus, cryptocurrencies and their related services are to be regulated within the existing framework of anti-money laundering and counter terrorism financing (AML). Cont'd CG mitigates agency costs by protecting outside investors from exploitation from insiders, as well as aligning the financial and other incentives of insiders with those of the principal. A distinction has sometimes been drawn between intermediaries in general and 'gatekeepers', meaning those intermediaries who can be used, wittingly or unwittingly, to help launder the proceeds of crime. Results are discussed as they relate to negativity, to economic news, and to the broader The professional status of gatekeepers is vital in accessing various functions that assist criminals to move and clean dirty money (FATF 2010: 44). functions of online and off-line intermediaries (Borgman, 2001; Brewer et al, 1996). Cryptocurrencies are frequently used for money laundering and terrorism financing. Indirect channels can further be divided into one-level, two-level, and three-level channels based on the number of intermediaries between manufacturers and customers. the distribution of information in media; we can identify the gatekeeping function. The capacity of gatekeepers to carry out 11 some regulatory functions with greater effectiveness than state institutions raises the question whether such non-state actors might also be better placed to determine more basic issues such as the nature and intensity of regulation which is appropriate. Chapter 4 provides insight on discussions around cultural gatekeepers to develop an analysis of sales agents in the film industry. It provides a mechanism for recognition, ownership, consensus building and collaboration within a diverse community of private sector professionals, from art advisers to bankers to real estate agents, among others. During this period, the first PhDs in communication were graduated. Anyone who isn't calling to complain or to buy something, but instead wants something for themselves, such as a salesperson, is denied access. In many circumstances such professionals may carry out functions that are the gateway through which the launderer must pass to achieve his . The most basic ethical issue facing professional gatekeepers and intermediaries in business contexts involves conflicts of interest. It is the institution or individual that is in between two or more parties in a financial context. b. evaluate a company's financial prospects or creditworthiness, so that banks and investors can make informed decisions. Channels of distribution can be divided into direct channel and indirect channels. Intermediaries online are more powerful, and more subtle, than ever before. Furthermore, the Acts need to answer the question whether gatekeepers should be entitled to act as DGA data intermediaries. Accountants b. Specifically, the draft DSA sets forth obligations for four types of service providers: i) intermediary services ("mere conduit . The framework was designed by gatekeepers for gatekeepers,2be they individuals, entities, or professional associations. 37 The third liability regime, which is a rarity in itself, allows the plaintiff to proceed against the intermediary without requiring it to identify the anonymous user. One of the most notable takeaways: the low ranking of past investment performance. Identify the gatekeepers who evaluate a company's financial prospects or creditworthiness, so that banks and investors can make informed decisions. Their selection is constrained by a combination. In case of an anonymous wrongdoer, the US courts allow the plaintiff to apply for John Doe orders requiring the intermediaries to identify the anonymous online speakers. a. The answer is hidden. the gatekeeper that acts as 'innovator, change agent, communication channel, link, intermediary, helper, adapter, opinion leader, broker, and facilitator'.4 f 3 This recognizes that gatekeepers at once can have two roles - one outward-looking shaping behaviour or perceptions, and the other inward-looking by inhibiting behaviour or access. (p. 532) Identify the gatekeepers who should guarantee that executives act on behalf of the stockholders' interests. The journal's mission statement also argues that new scholarly intermediaries are needed now that major journals such as the Harvard Law Review and the Yale Law Journal no longer function as "gatekeepers of legitimacy". A. Like their counterparts in the institutional market, gatekeepers for intermediary platforms understand the folly of chasing past returns and It's this identification process that we find traditional gatekeeping. Which of the following gatekeepers guarantee that executives act on behalf of the stockholders' interests? Gatekeeper search and selection strategies: Relational and network governance in a cultural market Pacey Foster a, * , Stephen P. Borgatti b , Candace Jones c a Department of Management, University of Massachusetts, Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, McCormack Building, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02125-3393, United States b Department of Management, Gatton College of Business & Economics, University . Attorneys. Many degree holders became university professors, expected to teach and study their new field. Require gatekeepers to proactively put in place certain measures, such as targeted measures allowing the software of third parties to properly function and interoperate with their own services; identify gatekeepers that do not satisfy the DMA's quantitative thresholds; . 2(2c), Recitals (22a) and (22b) as well as Art. identify gatekeepers that do not satisfy the DMA's quantitative thresholds; . c. Board of directors . Gatekeeping was one of many theories applied to the new doctoral-level academic field of communications, mass communication, and journalism in the 1950s and 1960s. Identify the gatekeepers who function as intermediaries between a companys stockholders and its executives. However, this is not working and it may be best to re-evaluate the role a primary care physician has in regards to referring patients. During this period, the first PhDs in communication were graduated. Understanding these changing roles can help digital library designers develop allocate intermediation roles Being a gatekeeper gave them enormous power, such that the gatekeepers often became central to the market, rather than the people/companies they were working with and it also allowed them to craft . A. They were defined by Gould & Fernandez ( 1989) as actors who mediate the contact between two other actors, belonging to different groups. The intermediaries (Table 1, n = 11) were mostly recruited via internet search in order to reach and cover most of the involved actors.We searched for intermediaries (craftspeople, civil engineers, architects, energy consultants, consumer advice centre, urban planners) which operated in the region (mostly District of Aachen, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany) using the search terms "energy . While both of the above approaches have their pros and cons, what is clear is that the oft-used metaphor of dumb conduits for internet intermediaries is no longer applicable for social networking sites. Intermediary liability is therefore a form of gatekeeper liability, which is used as a governance instrument in multiple contexts. "Disintermediation" is often heralded as the defining feature of the . The push strategy is most effective if intermediaries are fully motivated to increase the demand of a company's products. "Disintermediation" is often heralded as the defining feature of the digital age. In order to systematically identify these gatekeepers, we . The DSA follows a layered approach with cumulative obligations for online intermediary services depending on their function and size. Past attempts to harness gatekeeper potential have often taken a national and/or sector-specific approach.iv However, the diverse array of industries and fragmented regulatory frameworks - both cross- Thanks to innovative new technologies, middlemen of all stripes are believed to go the way of the dodo. The gatekeeper is a member of the scientific and industrial research group who can be observed performing an informal information counseling function with colleagues. The responsibilities of such gatekeepers include requiring them to identify clients, to conduct due diligence on their clients, to maintain records about their clients and to report "suspicious" client activities. In theoretical terms, a financial intermediary channels savings into investments. Identify the gatekeepers whofunction as intermediaries between a company's stockholders and its executives.a. It presents a detailed analysis of programming patterns across five Australian jazz music festivals—namely, the Manly Jazz Festival, Wangaratta Festival of Jazz c. ensure that decisions and transactions conform to the law. criteria assessed by intermediaries when deciding whether to select managers for possible inclusion on the platform. paper describes gatekeeper regimes as a solution in search of a problem, with the expectation that further use of this mechanism will be made by governments in future (Gilboy 1998: 139). The second section is a comparative study between Europe and New Zealand regarding the liability model for ISIs. New gatekeepers It has been established that journalists are attempting to meet the needs of their audience. The function of auditors as gatekeepers is to: a. verify a company's financial statements so that investors' decisions are free from fraud and deception. At times, gatekeeping can be problematic with researchers . Board of directors c. Auditors d. 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